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Classification of feed

2019-05-28

feed 3

Feeds include soybeans, soybean meal, corn, starch, corn fiber skin, oil meal, fish meal, amino acids, miscellaneous meal, fermented bacterial protein, additives, whey powder, oil, meat and bone meal, cereals, etc. More than ten varieties of feed ingredients. Observe the shape, color, presence of mold, insects, lumps, foreign bodies, etc. Adulterated feed is generally finer, does not show the composition, darker or lighter color, often due to higher moisture content, resulting in deliquescence, mold, insects, lumps, sometimes mixed with large amounts of sand or a large amount of low-cost feed If the amount of shellfish in the batch material reaches 20%. If the above phenomenon is generally inferior feed.

Classification by component
In general, only plant feed is called feed. These feeds include grass, various grains, tubers, and roots. These feeds can be roughly divided into:
Feed containing a lot of starch
These feeds are mainly composed of grains, seeds and roots or tubers containing a large amount of starch. Such as a variety of cereals, potatoes, wheat and so on. These feeds provide energy primarily through polysaccharides and contain very little protein. They are suitable for ruminants, poultry and pigs, but feeds containing too much starch are not suitable for horses.
Oily feed
Peanut cake, the crude fiber content can reach 25%, can not be used as feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and chickens.
Peanut fruit contains trypsin inhibitor, heating can destroy the inhibitor, but too high temperature affects the utilization of protein. It is generally considered that the heating temperature reaches 120 ° C.
Peanut cakes and alfalfa are susceptible to aflatoxins and produce aflatoxins. There are many species of aflatoxins, of which the most toxic is aflatoxin B1. Cooking and dry heat are not effective in removing aflatoxin. Therefore, the aflatoxin content in peanut cake and wolfberry should be strictly tested. National health standards stipulate that the allowable amount should be less than 0.05 mg / kg.
Peanut cakes and alfalfa can be used for monogastric animals such as pigs and chickens, as well as ruminant livestock, which have good palatability. However, due to the poor amino acid composition and easy to stain aflatoxin, the feeding amount of peanut cake and alfalfa is limited. Peanut cakes and clams are good feeds for livestock. Even if they are infected with aflatoxin, they can be treated with ammonia to detoxify and feed the anti-animal animals (this method is not effective for monogastric animals).
These feeds consist of oily seeds (canola, soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts) and the like. The energy of these feeds is mainly derived from lipids, so their energy density is higher than that of starch-containing feeds. The protein content of these feeds is also relatively low.
Green feed
The entire plant in these feeds is fed, such as grass, corn, grain, and the like. These feeds contain large amounts of carbohydrates, which are very nutritious. For example, grass contains mainly carbohydrates, protein 15 to 25%, while corn contains more starch (about 20-40%), while protein content is less than 10%. The green feed can be freshly fed, or it can be dried and stored for feeding. They are more suitable for ruminants, horses and waterfowl. Generally not used to feed pigs.
The green feed preserved after fermentation is called silage.
Other feed
In addition to the feeds described above, there are many other types of feeds that can come directly from nature (such as fishmeal) or industrial reproductions (such as fermented bacterial proteins, rice bran, distiller's grains, leftovers, etc.) for different livestock use. Different feeds, but especially ruminants apply to these feeds.

The design of the feed formula must first be based on the feeding standards (nutrition requirements) of different livestock and poultry for various nutrients, and secondly, the nutrients of a common feed. The nutrient indicators required by the feed standard should be expressed in the feed nutrition table.

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